When was islam formed

He enters the city peacefully, and eventually all its citizens accept Islam. The prophet clears the idols and images out of the Kaaba and rededicates it to the worship of God alone. Muhammad dies after a prolonged illness. The Muslim community elects his father-in-law and close associate, Abu Bakr, as caliph, or successor.

Muslims enter Egypt and rout the Byzantine army. Muslims consider their conquest as the liberation of subjugated people, since in most instances they were under oppressive rule. This also marks the beginning of the Umayyad rule.

Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula is under Islamic control. The Abbasids take over rule from the Umayyads, shifting the seat of power to Baghdad. Islam continues to spread through the continent of Africa, including Nigeria, which served as a trading liaison between the northern and central regions of Africa. European Crusaders take Jerusalem from the Muslims.

On his way, he was intercepted by the Quraysh, but they agreed to a treaty called the Hudaybiyyah treaty.

This meant the Quraysh recognised and respected Muhammad PBUH and the religion of Islam, and as such agreed that followers of Islam would not face persecution and would be treated as equal. Up until his death in A. Five core practices make up the basis of the religion of Islam, and they are:.

There are now various different sects within the religion of Islam that follow different trains of thought, but all of them are based on the five pillars set out by Prophet Muhammad PBUH , and the teachings he and the other 24 prophets shared.

Since A. Muslims live in all corners of the globe and are widely respected by people of all other faiths and cultures. When Was Islam Founded? Islam is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about 1. Although its roots go back further, scholars typically date the creation of Islam to the 7th century, making it the youngest of the major world religions. Today, the faith is spreading rapidly throughout the world.

Muslims believe he was the final prophet sent by God to reveal their faith to mankind. According to Islamic texts and tradition, an angel named Gabriel visited Muhammad in A. The angel ordered Muhammad to recite the words of Allah. Muslims believe that Muhammad continued to receive revelations from Allah throughout the rest of his life. Starting in about , Muhammad began preaching throughout Mecca the messages he received.

He taught that there was no other God but Allah and that Muslims should devote their lives to this God. In , Muhammad traveled from Mecca to Medina with his supporters. This journey became known as the Hijra also spelled Hegira or Hijrah , and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Some seven years later, Muhammad and his many followers returned to Mecca and conquered the region.

He continued to preach until his death in A series of leaders, known as caliphs, became successors to Muhammad. This system of leadership, which was run by a Muslim ruler, became known as a caliphate. Abu Bakr died about two years after he was elected and was succeeded in by Caliph Umar, another father-in-law of Muhammad.

Islam also spread throughout areas in Europe, Africa, and Asia. The caliphate system lasted for centuries and eventually evolved into the Ottoman Empire , which controlled large regions in the Middle East from about until , when World War I ended the Ottoman reign.

When Muhammad died, there was debate over who should replace him as leader. This led to a schism in Islam, and two major sects emerged: the Sunnis and the Shiites. Sunnis make up nearly 90 percent of Muslims worldwide. They accept that the first four caliphs were the true successors to Muhammad.

Shiite Muslims believe that only the caliph Ali and his descendants are the real successors to Muhammad. They deny the legitimacy of the first three caliphs.

Other, smaller Muslim denominations within the Sunni and Shiite groups exist. Some of these include:. It contains some basic information that is found in the Hebrew Bible as well as revelations that were given to Muhammad.

They thought that 'Ali, Muhammad's closest surviving blood male relative, should be their next leader caliph. The other faction, the Sunnis, believed that the Prophet's successor should be determined by consensus and successively elected three of his most trusted companions, commonly referred to as the Rightly Guided Caliphs Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthman , as leaders of the Muslim community; 'Ali succeeded them as the fourth caliph.

Today the Islamic community remains divided into Sunni and Shi'i branches. Sunnis revere all four caliphs, while Shi'is regard 'Ali as the first spiritual leader. The rift between these two factions has resulted in differences in worship as well as political and religious views. Sunnis are in the majority and occupy most of the Muslim world, while Shi'i populations are concentrated in Iran and Iraq, with sizeable numbers in Bahrain, Lebanon, Kuwait, Turkey, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Depictions of the Prophet Muhammad Featured in this unit are several depictions of the Prophet Muhammad.

These portrayals, while somewhat rare, are not unheard of as there were and still are many different attitudes toward depicting the Prophet, and humans in general, in the Islamic world. These attitudes varied dramatically from region to region and throughout history; the societies that produced the works discussed here are among those that allowed the depiction of the Prophet.

Commissioned by Muslims for Muslims, these images appear in biographies of the Prophet and his family, world and local histories, and accounts of Muhammad's celestial journey mi'raj , as well as in literary texts.

In each context, they serve a distinct purpose. They illustrate a narrative in biographies and histories, while in literary texts they serve as visual analogues to written praises of the Prophet.